Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers in renal-transplant recipients

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Abstract
Background. There is no consensus regarding prostate cancer in renal-transplant recipients (RTR). A questionnaire evaluating prostate cancer screening after transplantation and assessing the number, diagnostic modalities, treatment, and outcome of prostate cancer cases was mailed to 22 French renal-transplant centers. Results. Among 1,680 RTR in 1998, 11 (0.65%) cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed, and among the 2,338 recipients followed up, 28 (1%) cases of prostate cancer have been diagnosed and treated. Median ages at diagnosis and at transplantation were 63 and 58, respectively. Clinical stages were T1 50% and T2 25%. Eighteen patients had a Gleason score under 7. At 18 months of mean follow-up, 2 men had died from prostate cancer, and in the curative treatment group, 16 of 17 men were alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusions. The incidence of prostate cancer in RTR appeared to be higher than expected. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing should be performed routinely each year in renal transplantation centers.

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