Amygdalin at various concentrations and with numerous impurities is the most common cyanogenic glycoside found in laetrile samples. Its chemical properties were first described in 1837, and pharmacologic studies showed that ultimately it is broken down to HCN, benzaldehyde and glucose by enzymes found in gut bacteria but not intracellularly in humans. Fatal and nonfatal toxicities to orally ingested cyanogenic glycosides were reported worldwide. The signs and symptoms of acute cyanide toxicity and its treatment were reviewed. Substantial in vitro and in vivo testing in animal tumor systems showed that amygdalin is entirely devoid of significant anticancer activity. Control animals often lived longer than those treated with various doses and schedules of amygdalin. Acceptable clinical studies in humans are lacking, but such ventures would appear to be contraindicated from animal studies and observed human toxicities. Current legal-judicial aspects of laetrile therapy for cancer are discussed.