Synchrony of locomotion and ventilation in Cymatogaster aggregata

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Abstract
Ventilatory and locomotory movements are synchronized in Cymatogaster aggregata, a fish that swims using the pectoral fins. The mouth opens as the fish advances during pectoral fin adduction. A ventilatory/locomotory movement ratio of 1:1 was normal, increasing to 2:1 under hypoxia but not during exercise. The observations indicate that the propulsive system makes a significant contribution to ventilation in fish that show continual branchial movements during swimming.

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