Correlation of Heart Sounds and Murmurs with Pressure During Left Heart Catheterization

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Abstract
Triple equisensitive pressure pulses in left atrium, left ventricle and aorta were obtained by transbronchial left heart catheterization combined with retrograde catheterization of the aorta, in patients with mitral or aortic stenosis. These were displayed simultaneously with heart sounds from 2 points on the chest wall, ecg and pressure differences across the stenotic valves obtained by electronic subtraction. Phases of the cardiac cycle could be accurately measured and correlated with the heart sounds, e.g. the 2d sound with the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves and the 1st sound with the onset of ventricular contraction. Murmurs of mitral and aortic stenosis could be correlated in both timing and intensity with the continuous pressure differences across the corresponding valves.