Abstract
An exposition of the pathogenesis of malformations must of necessity be based on the knowledge of the normal development of the structures involved. The present conception of the malformations of the posterior segment of the eye has been greatly influenced and simplified by the investigations concerning the morphogenesis of the optic papilla and by demonstration of some of the characteristic inherent qualities of the ectodermal anlage. The interesting studies and wax model reconstructions of von Szily1showed that all the early embryonic events, such as formation of the cleft, of the primary dorsal fold, and of the ventral fold, which becomes the link (Schaltstück) between the retina and the optic stalk and therewith the first anlage of the primitive epithelial papilla, take place only preparatory to the formation of the latter. Thus, in the rather complex development of the primitive papilla there lies the possibility of

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