Laser action in liquids

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Abstract
LIQUID‐LASER RESEARCH, as many other fields in science, has oscillated between periods of activity and semislumber. In the period immediately following the first papers suggesting the possibility of light amplification by stimulated emission, the search for liquid‐laser materials was at least as active as the search for solids or gases. However, unlike research on solids and gases, research on liquids did not produce active materials. This initial failure led most of the industrial and academic laboratories to discontinue work on liquids and to concentrate on gaseous and solid‐state systems, in which tremendous progress has been made over the last eight years.