Toxicity of Agricultural Subsurface Drainwater from the San Joaquin Valley, California, to Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Striped Bass
- 1 January 1992
- journal article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
- Vol. 121 (1) , 78-93
- https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0078:toasdf>2.3.co;2
Abstract
Juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (40–50 mm total length, TL) and striped bass Morone saxatilis (30–40 mm TL) were exposed to serial dilutions (100, 50, 25, and 12.5%) of agricultural subsurface drainwater (WWD), reconstituted drainwater (RWWD), and reconstituted seawater (IO). Agricultural subsurface drainwater contained naturally elevated concentrations of major ions (such as sodium and sulfate) and trace elements (especially boron and selenium), RWWD contained concentrations of major ions that mimicked those in WWD but trace elements were not elevated, and IO contained concentrations of total dissolved salt that were similar to those in WWD and RWWD but chloride replaced sulfate as the dominant anion. After 28 d of static exposure, over 75% of the chinook salmon in 100% WWD had died, whereas none had died in other dilutions and water types. Growth of chinook salmon in WWD and RWWD, but not in IO, exhibited dilution responses. All striped bass died in 100% WWD within 23 d, wherea...Keywords
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