Mycotoxins in Feeds and Ingredients and their Origin

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Abstract
Data from many parts of the world on incidence and levels of aflatoxins in feeds and feed ingredients indicate cause for concern, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions and in those countries importing feedstuffs from these areas. The main products affected are peanut (groundnut) meal, cottonseed products, corn, copra products, and mixed feeds containing any of these components. Reports of the presence of the metabolite aflatoxin M1 in dairy products provide further evidence of contaminated feeds. Although the main survey effort has been with the aflatoxins, surveys in several countries for other fungal toxins have revealed some contamination of certain grains or pasture grasses with ochratoxin A, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, patulin, penicillic acid, zearalenone, trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and diacetoxyscirpenol), alternariol and its methyl ether, PR toxin, kojic acid, ergot alkaloids, and sporidesmin. It is important to differentiate between biased and unbiased surveys...

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