A 29-year-old white male with the Henoch-Schonlein syndrome and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis received a kidney transplant. Postransplant, a glomerulonephritis histologically and immunologically indistinguishable from IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease) developed in the absence of any extrarenal manifestations of the Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. A possible pathogenetic interrelationship between these two diseases is discussed.