Acute and Long‐Term Effects of Chlorpromazine on Glutamine Synthetase and Glutaminase in Rat Brain

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Abstract
The effect of administration of chlorpromazine on the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase and the content of glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in different regions of rat brain was studied in an investigation of the possible role of these amino acids in the lowering of the seizure threshold following prolonged administration of chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight s.c. For the acute study, the animals were killed 20 min after a single injection. For the long‐term study, the animals were treated every day with the same dose for 21 days and were killed 20 min after the last injection. The results showed an increase in glutamate level in each brain region investigated following long‐term administration, but only in the cerebral cortex after a single dose. GABA levels showed an increase in the brainstem only in acute experiments. Glutamine synthetase activity was increased in all three regions after a single dose and only in cerebral cortex after long‐term administration. Glutaminase activity showed a decrease in cerebral cortex only after long‐term administration of the drug. These results suggest the possible occurrence of a state of increased excitability in the brain as a result of long‐term administration of chlorpromazine, thus contributing to the known complication of seizures.