An experimental study of the effects of wall conductivity, non-uniform magnetic fields and variable area ducts on liquid metal flows at high Hartmann number. Part 2. Ducts with conducting walls

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Abstract
Results from experiments with four different ducts are reported when magnitudes of the field strength and mean velocity are such that the Hartmann number and interaction parameter are large. The first is a straight, circular, highly conducting wall duct situated in a non-uniform transverse magnetic field. Results suggest that as a first approximation the flow may be regarded as being fully developed throughout. In fact there is a slight distortion of the flow in the non-uniform field region revealed by hot-film probe measurements of the streamwise velocity which varies in a novel but readily explicable manner. The second duct is similar except that its wall is weakly conducting. A pressure drop across the non-uniform field region suggests that the behaviour of the flow is weakly reminiscent of that in a non-conducting duct. The two other ducts also have weakly conducting walls but contain either one or two 90° bends and are situated in a uniform field. Symmetry of each duct about its mid-point leads to symmetric potential distributions which indicate the existence of two symmetrically arranged recirculating current flows and these lead to pressure drops across the bends. In the duct with two bends, part of it, the offset, lies parallel to the field lines and a surprising prediction relating the pressure drop across the offset toNfinds some support.