A Stefan-Type Problem with Void Formation and its Explicit Solution

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Abstract
For most materials, the densities of the solid and liquid phases are different. For some materials being considered as potential latent heat thermal energy storage materials, this density change is large. When the solid phase is more dense than the liquid, solidification may result in the formation of vapour bubbles or voids. We have formulated a problem, representing a phase change process with such a void, that has an explicit solution. We examine the solution to gain a further understanding of the thermal and phase change performance of a material in which such voids form. We use the solution to analyse an example problem involving freezing lithium fluoride, a candidate phase-change material with a density change on freezing of about 25 per cent.

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