Stability and absolute frequency of molecular iodine transitions near 532 nm

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Abstract
A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser has been stabilized to hyperfine transitions in molecular iodine near 532 nm via modulation transfer spectroscopy. This technique, together with the low noise of the source, yields excellent SNR (500 in a d kHz bandwidth); thus, an impressive frequency stability is achieved. The nearly systematic-free resonance signals obtained by modulation transfer spectroscopy give a correspondingly encouraging reproducibility, estimated to be about +/- 300 Hz. With two such stabilized lasers were found a pressure shift of only -1.3 kHz/Pa over the range 0.4-4.0 Pa and a power-dependent frequency shift of 2.1 kHz/mW. We have also measured the absolute frequency of the component a10 in the transition R(56)32-0 using the D2 line in Rb at 780 nm and an iodine-stabilized 633 nm He-Ne laser as references. The measured frequency is 563 260 223.471 MHz +/- 40 kHz. In turn, the absolute frequency of the D2 line was measured via the frequency difference between the D2 line and the two-photon transition 5S1/2 - 5D5/2 at 778 nm in Rb. Thus we now have realized a pure frequency measurement of this interval and of the 532 nm frequency.

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