Genetic Variability and Relationships of Physical Grain‐Quality Traits in the BSSS Population of Maize1

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Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the potential for selection of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes that are superior for resistance to kernel breakage and to evaluate the relationships among several kernel characteristics affecting grain quality. Eighty random inbreds and 40 of their single‐cross hybrids were grown at two locations in 1976 to 1979. Data taken included date of anthesis, endosperm type, harvest moisture, Stein breakage test, 300‐kernel weight, 300 kernel volume, specific gravity, and a Fast Green dye test. The combined analysis of variance for inbreds and hybrids indicated highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Heritability estimates (entry mean basis) were relatively high for all traits (77 to 87%), except for specific gravity (39%). The estimated variance component for genotype ✕ environment was significant for all traits, but the relative magnitude was 25% to 58% as large as the estimate for genotype. Breakage‐resistant genotypes tended to have smaller flinty‐type kernels. Inbred‐hybrid correlations were calculated for the midparent values with their hybrid progeny. Correlations for an inbred trait with the same trait of the hybrid were relatively large (r = 0.54 to 0.79). Endosperm type (r = 0.34) and 300‐kernel weight (r = 0.53) of parents may predict resistance to breakage in hybrids. Selection differentials showed a restricted selection index controlling seed size would most likely improve resistance to kernel breakage.