Granular collision lubrication

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Abstract
The flow of powder or granules has been proposed as a mechanism of lubrication suitable for high‐temperature applications where conventional liquid lubrication fails. This study is primarily experimental with a simplified theory presented for interpreting the data. Two key features are present which seem to be additive: (1) a collisional normal stress generated by kinetic energy of the particles, and (2) a lubrication normal stress due to converging surfaces. Experiments are conducted in an annular shear cell with sliding motion between opposing surfaces. The shear surface may be flat or contain three sloping regions with a step. Normal stress (load) and shear stress (friction) are proportional to shear rate squared. In the case of inclined surfaces, stresses are also proportional to the surface slope squared.

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