X-ray photoemission investigations of the interface formation of Ca and poly(p-phenylene vinylene)

Abstract
We have investigated the interface formation of Ca with poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) using x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The most astonishing result of the investigations is that the Schottky barrier formation in Ca/PPV is a slow process possibly caused by the oxygen and sulfur impurities segregated on the PPV surface.