Anomalous losses of deuterium–deuterium fusion products in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor*

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Abstract
In the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Wurzburg, Paper No. A‐2‐2 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1993)] there have been at least three types of anomalous loss of alpha‐like deuterium–deuterium (D–D) fusion products: (1) a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)‐induced loss of D–D fusion products correlated with Mirnov and fishbone‐type oscillations and sawtooth crashes, (2) a slow ‘‘delayed’’ loss of partially thermalized D–D fusion products occurring without large MHD activity, and (3) ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH)‐induced loss of D–D fusion products ions observed during direct electron heating experiments, and possibly also during 3He minority heating. In this paper each of these will be reviewed, concentrating on those due to MHD activity, which are the largest of these anomalous losses. The experimental results are compared with numerical models of various fusion product transport mechanisms.