Reduction of Intracortical Inhibition in Soleus Muscle During Postural Activity

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Abstract
Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) decreases during voluntary contraction of the target muscle. It is unknown whether this effect also occurs with postural contractions. We have compared the effects of voluntary and postural contractions on SICI in the soleus (SOL) muscle. We applied transcranial magnetic stimuli (TMS) in subjects under three tasks: sitting at rest (Rest), sitting while activating the SOL muscle (Voluntary), or standing quietly (Postural). In control trials, we applied suprathreshold TMS to obtain unconditioned motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). In test trials, the same TMS was preceded by a subthreshold TMS at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs), to obtain a conditioned MEP. SICI and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were expressed as the decrease or increase in MEP size relative to unconditioned MEPs. There was significant effect of task in mean SICI or mean ICF in SOL. Mean SICI in SOL was 52% in Rest and decreased to 21% in Voluntary and 15% in Postural. Mean ICF in SOL was 132% and decreased to 113% in Voluntary and to 108% in Postural. Mean SICI in SOL was not different in Voluntary and Postural tasks. There was no effect of task in mean SICI or mean ICF in TA. Our results indicate that decrease of SICI with muscle contraction occurs to a similar extent with tonic voluntary and postural activation, suggesting that those contractions require a similar type of cortical involvement. However, it cannot be excluded that some part of the SICI reduction with muscle contraction depends on changes in segmental excitability.