The temperature-range of formation for tourmaline, rutile, brookite, and anatase in the Dartmoor granite

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Abstract
The range of temperature within which tourmaline can arise in nature has not hitherto been determined. No synthesis of this mineral is on record, and experimental data are therefore lacking. On the other hand, rutile, brookite, and anatase have all been prepared synthetically, and the experimental data suggest their rutile is formed at the highest temperatures, brookite at temperatures considerably lower, and anatase at a point still lower on the scale. It is generally conceded that for rutile a pyrogenic origin is possible, and that brookite and anatase appear only as secondary minerals. The status of tourmaline as a possible pyrogenic mineral is regarded as doubtful by Clarke, who states that' in igneous rocks tourmaline seems to have been produced by fumarole action, and not as a direct separation from the magma'.

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