Field Emission: Large Current Densities, Space Charge, and the Vacuum Arc

Abstract
Field emission was obtained from a single crystal tungsten emitter under conditions of very high vacuum and clean surfaces. The geometry of the emitter was determined by electron microscopy permitting accurate calculation of both the surface electric field and an average current density. The use of pulse electronic techniques extended the observations to the upper limit of the current densities for which the normal field emission was stable. Above this limit an explosive vacuum arc occurred between electrodes.

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