An evaluation of methods for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts from water

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Abstract
Methods for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia cysts from water are described and their relative recovery efficiencies are assessed for seeded samples of both tap and river water. Cartridge filtration, membrane filtration, and calcium carbonate flocculation were evaluated, and steps to optimize the concentration procedures were undertaken. Increasing centrifugation to 5,000 x g, coupled with staining in suspension, was found to increase the overall efficiency of recovery of both cysts and oocysts. Cartridge filtration for both cysts and oocysts was examined by use of 100-liter volumes of both tap and river water. Improvements in recovery were observed for Cryptosporidium oocysts after extra washes of the filters. Calcium carbonate flocculation gave the maximum recovery for both Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts and for both water types. A variety of 142-mm membranes was examined by use of 10-liter seeded samples of tap and river water. Cellulose acetate with a 1.2-micron pore size provided the best results for Cryptosporidium oocysts, and cellulose nitrate with a 3.0-micron pore size did so for Giardia cysts.