Three cycles of recurrent selection for increased lint yield in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) have been completed. Yield of the third cycle selections exceeded that of the base population by 29.7%. Response to selection was linear and is predicted to continue at approximately the same rate of gain for an additional cycle.Correlated responses to selection for yield were observed for the majority of the unselected traits measured. As selection increased lint yield, simultaneous increases were observed for lint percentage, number of seed per boll, earliness, fiber elongation, and fiber coarseness. Boll size, seed size, and fiber length and strength decreased. Weight of lint per seed showed little change.There was generally close agreement between predicted and observed responses to selection. This suggests that dominance effects were lacking or of relatively minor importance. Additive genetic effects would appear to predominate in this population, although additive ✕ additive effects cannot be excluded.