The Impact of Knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus on Contraceptive Choice and Repeat Pregnancy

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Abstract
Objective: To examine relationships among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus, postpartum contraceptive choice, and the rate of repeat pregnancy within a short interval. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in 83 seropositive and 218 seronegative women identified from an inner-city prenatal population undergoing routine voluntary HIV antibody screening from July 1987 through June 1989. Postpartum contraceptive choices and rate of repeat pregnancies were compared based on HIV serostatus. Results: Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to undergo tubal sterilization (27 versus 15%; odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–5.9). This relationship persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity by logistic regression modeling (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.9). Seropositive women were significantly less likely than seronegative women to select oral contraceptives (34 versus 68%; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.4), a relationship that persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, parity, and foam and condom use (adjusted OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5). Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to select foam and condoms as their primary method of contraception (30 versus 15%; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.5), a relationship that did not persist after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity (adjusted OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–1.3). The risk of repeat pregnancy was slightly lower in seropositive versus seronegative women (34 versus 44%; OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–1.3). Most repeat pregnancies among sera positive and seronegative women were unplanned (90 and 82%, respectively). Conclusion: There was a relationship between the method of postpartum contraception and HIV serostatus, but no significant difference in repeat pregnancy rates associated with choice of method.

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