Some Relations Between Stress, Strain, and Temperature in a Pure-Gum Vulcanizate of GR-S Synthetic Rubber

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Abstract
Stress‐temperature relations at constant elongation and at constant length have been studied in a pure‐gum vulcanizate of GR‐S. Such studies yield information useful for calculations involved in the theory of its elastic behavior, and furnish practical data regarding its tensile properties at different temperatures. The compounding recipe was: 100 parts by weight of GR‐S, 2 parts of sulfur, 1 part of zinc oxide, and 0.5 part of zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate. The specimens were first held at constant length and constant temperature for a period of ½ hour to 2 hours, after which time the effects of relaxation of stress during the observation of stress‐temperature relations were negligible. The value of the stress after relaxation at each elongation was used to plot a stress‐strain curve. The stress‐temperature relations observed for temperatures below the relaxation temperature were linear and reproducible on successive runs of increasing and decreasing temperature. When the temperature was raised above the relaxation temperature straight lines were not obtained, since further relaxation occurred at the higher temperatures. The intercepts at 0°K for the lines obtained below the temperature of relaxation are useful in evaluating the internal energy changes. The intercepts of the lines representing the experiments at constant elongation were found to be negative. The absolute values were of the order of 10 percent of the stress after relaxation for the lowest elongations, and increased to almost 30 percent of the stress at the highest elongation.

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