Integrating use of beneficial organisms with chemical crop protection

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Abstract
The selectivity of insecticides, particularly of pyrethroids, is described and possibilities are proposed for further development of selectivity. The production of beneficial organisms resistant to pesticides by techniques including genetic manipulation is discussed. Preliminary studies on the use of semiochemicals to improve the efficiency of entomophagous pathogens in controlling pest infestations, and for monitoring and manipulating populations of beneficial insects, are described. The prospects for genetic manipulation of crop plants to improve predation and parasitism of pests are also discussed.