Rhinovirus inhibition by bufadienolides.

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Abstract
An evaluation of thirty-four bufadienolides and two related cardenolides against a series of rhinoviruses in vitro has been completed. Most of the bufadienolides were found to display some inhibitory activity. Scillarenin and 3-O-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazido] succinylbufalin were found to be the most active with chemotherapeutic indices of 32 and 16, respectively. In general, the 14.beta.-hydroxy-bufadienolides showed the strongest antiviral activity, and were found more toxic than the corresponding 14.beta.,15.beta.-epoxy-bufadienolides. Introduction of a 16.beta.-hydroxy or 16.beta.-acetoxy substituent into the 14.beta.,15.beta.-epoxybufadienolides enhanced their antiviral activity. Substituents at the 3.beta.-, 5.beta.-, and 19-positions appeared to affect only the level of toxicity.