Mouse β-Defensin 1 Is a Salt-Sensitive Antimicrobial Peptide Present in Epithelia of the Lung and Urogenital Tract

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Abstract
One component of host defense at mucosal surfaces appears to be epithelium-derived peptides with antimicrobial activity called defensins. Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) represents the first member of the β-defensin family isolated from humans and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. We describe in this report the isolation and characterization of a murine homolog of hBD-1 called mouse β-defensin 1 (mBD-1). The predicted amino acid sequence shows the hallmark features of other known epithelial β-defensins, including the ordered array of six cysteine residues. Analysis of a genomic clone of mBD-1 revealed two exons separated by a 15-kb intron. By use of fluorescence in situ hybridization, the mBD-1 gene was localized at the proximal portion of chromosome 8, the site where mouse α-defensins are found. Lysates from cells transfected with the mBD-1 cDNA showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. mBD-1 transcripts were found in kidney, liver, and female reproductive organ tissues. In the airways, mBD-1 is expressed diffusely throughout the epithelial cells of the large proximal airways with less expression in the small distal airways and no expression in alveolar cells. The present study demonstrates that a β-defensin potentially homologous to human β-defensin 1 is present in the respiratory system and other mucosal surfaces in mice.