Isolation of Legionella from water samples using various culture methods

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Abstract
The efficacy of a non-selective medium and two selective media were compared for the isolation of legionellas from water samples. The effect of acid wash treatment for decontamination of the water samples on the isolation frequency of legionellas was also studied. The 236 samples were taken from cooling, humidifying and drinking water systems; 21% were legionella-positive when inoculated directly on modified Wadowsky-Yee (MWY) medium and 26% were positive when concentrated (x 200) before cultivation on MWY or CCVC media. Inoculation on MWY medium after concentration followed by decontamination by the acid-wash technique gave the highest isolation frequency (31%). The lowest frequency (8%) was found with the non-selective BCYE alpha medium. An isolation frequency of 28% was achieved with the BCYE alpha medium after concentration and acid-wash treatment of the samples. Forty per cent of the samples were positive for legionellas when the results from all the culture methods were combined. Not all the legionella-positive samples were identified by a single culture method. Ninety-three of the 95 positive samples were detected with the two best combinations of three culture methods. The best culture method for detecting legionellas depended on the source of the water sample. Some water quality characteristics, like temperature and organic matter content, affected the isolation frequency of Legionella spp.