Sarcopenia – pathophysiology and clinical relevance
- 1 September 2011
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Nature in Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
- Vol. 161 (17-18) , 402-408
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-011-0002-y
Abstract
Die Ursachen der Sarkopenie sind multidimensional. Der Verlust an schnell kontrahierenden Muskelfasern übersteigt den Verlust an langsam kontrahierenden Muskelfasern und endet in einem klinisch relevanten Verlust an Muskelpower. Auf der subzellulären Ebene führen altersabhängige Veränderungen der Mitochondrien zu einer Reduktion der muskulären Performance. Durch einen Rückgang der Anzahl der motorischen Einheiten der Muskulatur entsteht eine Muskelfaseratrophie mit konsekutivem Rückgang der Muskelkraft. Erniedrigte Spiel an anabolen Hormonen und ein überwiegen von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen sind verantwortlich für Veränderungen der Körperzusammensetzung. Ein geringes Maß an körperlicher Aktivität, Vitamin-D-Mangel und geringe Proteinzufuhr sind stark mit einem Muskelverlust assoziiert. Sarkopenie verursacht bei den Betroffenen einen Verlust an Unabhängigkeit, gesteigerten Bedarf an medizinischer Versorgung und erhöhte Kosten für das Gesundheitswesen. The causes of sarcopenia are multidimensional. The loss of fast-twitch muscle fibres exceeds the loss of slow-twitch muscle fibres and ends as a clinical relevant loss of muscle power. On a sub-cellular level, age associated changes in the mitochondria lead to functional decline of the muscle. The reduction of motor units causes muscle fibre atrophy and loss of muscle strength. Low levels of anabolic hormones and the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for changes in body composition of older adults. Reduced levels of physical activity, vitamin D and protein are highly associated with muscle loss. Sarcopenia causes loss of independence and high medical and nursing needs resulting in great economic healthcare burden.Keywords
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