DNA sequence analysis of spontaneous mutation in a PolA1 strain of Escherichia coli indicates sequence-specific effects

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Abstract
The sequences of a collection of 261 spontaneous lacI- mutants recovered in a PolA- strain of Escherichia coli have indicated an increase in the frequency of most classes of mutation in this strain. Among base substitutions in lacI, a preference for transversions over transitions was observed. In addition, a single transition in the lac operator was enhanced 8-fold. More significantly, of 18 frameshifts, 12 occurred adjacent to a 5′-GTGG-3′ sequence. Likewise, 15 of 24 deletions and 2 of 10 duplications had 5′-GTGG-3′ sequences at one or both endpoints. We speculate that the prevalence of mutations at these specific sequences reflects the persistence of strand discontinuities that enhance the opportunity for mutagenic mishaps. Further, 5′-GTGG-3′ sequences apparently represent sites where DNA polymerase I is involved in some aspect of DNA metabolism. These results strengthen the view that DNA context contributes an important component to spontaneous mutagenesis and indicate an anti-mutagenic role for DNA polymerase I.