An Efficient Fully Implicit Simulator

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Abstract
This paper describes Program for Oil Reservoir Simulation (pores), an efficient general-purpose black-oil simulator now in production use for modeling North Sea fields. The fully implicit finite-difference equations are solved for each timestep with a Newton-Raphson procedure. The resulting large sets of linear equations are usually solved simultaneously by a new and powerful iterative method that uses a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm with an enforced column-sum condition to accelerate convergence. A sequential solution option is available, and direct matrix inversion methods also are provided. Gas condensate problems are handled by a variable switching technique. Four examples are presented to illustrate the power and efficiency of the program.

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