Effect of localized pulsed electromagnetic fields on tail-suspension osteopenia in growing mice

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Abstract
Pulsed magnetic fields (PEMFs) have been used effectively to treat bone fractures and sciatic-nerve-section-induced osteopenias. Properly applied PEMFs are presumed to stimulate osteogenesis. Mouse-tail suspension has been implemented as a means of inducing an osteopenic response in the long bones of the hind limbs. To evaluate localized PEMF effects, the mouse-suspension model was modified to accommodate the use of miniature wire coils affixed directly to the rear legs. Laterally and axially orientated PEMF effects were compared. Three test groups of mice included (C) control mice, (S) tail-suspended mice with treatment apparatus attached, and (SF) tail-suspended mice with apparatus attached and PEMFs delivered. The SF group was divided into mice receiving axial or lateral PEMFs. Significant bone changes occurred in suspended as compared with control mice after a 2-week test period. The PEMF mice showed significantly fewer osteopenic effects than did untreated, suspended mice. These findings are based on biomechanical measures of stiffness, strength, ductility, and energy as well as whole-bone mass and porosity. The effects of PEMFs on these properties differ for axial and lateral exposures. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms underlying PEMF effects.