Understanding HID lamp properties

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Abstract
Light sources represent the input quantity for all design processes of projection and illumination systems and often there are features of the light source that are unsatisfying in the optical engineer's view. However, just as the design of an optical system may be understood and improved with the help of modeling tools, the development of a light source may also greatly benefit from physical models of the discharge. This paper tries to provide a basic understanding on how HID lamps work and how they can be modeled. This covers the major processes within the plasma discharge as well as the heat balance of the discharge within the burner and in particular the influence of the burner shape on the discharge behavior. Questions concerning the arc shape or the presence of a liquid melt at certain areas of the burner wall which are of vital interest to the optical designer will be addressed together with an assessment of the possibilities to influence these phenomena. Finally, a discussion on how and to which degree of reliability light technical properties can be obtained from a lamp model is presented.

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