Categorical perception—phenomenon or epiphenomenon: Evidence from experiments in the perception of melodic musical intervals

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Abstract
Categorical perception was investigated in a series of experiments on the perception of melodic musical intervals (sequential frequency ratios). When procedures equivalent to those typically used in speech-perception experiments were employed, (i.e., determination of identification and discrimination functions for stimuli separated by equal physical increments), musical intervals were perceived categorically by trained musicians. When a variable-step-size (adaptive) discrimination procedure was used, evidence of categorical perception (in the form of smaller interval-width DL [difference limen] for ratios at identification category boundaries than for ratios within categories), although present initially, largely disappeared after subjects reached asymptotic performance. Equal-step-size discrimination functions obtained after observers reached asymptotic performance in the adaptive paradigm were not substantially different from those initially obtained. This dependence of categorical perception on procedure may be related to differences in stimulus uncertainty between the procedures. An experiment on the perception of melodic intervals by musically untrained observers showed no evidence for the existence of natural categories for musical intervals.

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