Presentation modality, distractor modality, and proactive interference in short-term memory.

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Abstract
Investigated asymmetrical release from proactive interference following a shift in mode of presentation of the memory items in 2 experiments with 384 undergraduates. The asymmetry was not changed by warning S of the mode of presentation at the beginning of each trial, but the direction of the asymmetry was reversed by changing the mode of presentation of the interpolated task. In addition, overall recall was better when the modes of presentation of the distractor and to-be-remembered items were different than when those modes were the same, and changes in recall were not simply due to compensatory changes in filler-task performance. It is concluded that auditorily and visually presented verbal materials can be encoded differently and that the locus of these differences is in the short-term store. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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