The Importance of a Preclinical Trial: A Selected Injury Intervention Program for Pediatric Trauma Centers

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Abstract
Background: Trauma centers are an ideal site to conduct screening and intervention programs that target risk taking behaviors. We hypothesized that a parent/child-centered intervention is a feasible method of injury prevention for a level one pediatric trauma center. Methods: The study was conducted in children aged 7 years to 17 years at two level one pediatric trauma centers. The high-risk behaviors targeted were (i) not always using a seat belt, (ii) not always using a bicycle helmet, or (iii) placing children under 12 in the front seat of the car. Those patients who had a positive screening test underwent a brief intervention. Experimental end points included accrual rates, acceptability of protocol by patients and medical staff, knowledge retention. Results: Eighty-eight of the 101 families approached participated. The mean age was 13.3 ± 2.8 years. The time to consent and screen was 2.7 ± 0.2 minutes and 9.5 ± 0.54 minutes. Fifty-three of 88 (60%) children had a positive screening test to one or more of the high risk behaviors. It took 11.5 ± 1.2 minutes for intervention. Ninety-two percent of healthcare professionals felt that program fit into the trauma center routine. Forty-nine of the 53 families who had a positive screen were successfully contacted 3 months after the intervention. Ninety-seven percent of the follow-up group remembered talking about how seat belts and helmets save lives and about placing children in the back seat of a car. Seventy-nine percent of the families found the information helpful, 53% felt they learned something from the intervention. Conclusions: Screening and brief intervention is a well-accepted and operationally practical injury prevention intervention. Further controlled injury intervention trials are justified.