Interferon Alfa Therapy for Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Abstract
PURPOSE: No standard systemic adjuvant therapy has been proven to increase overall survival in melanoma patients. The effect of interferon alfa (IFNα) as a single agent or in combination has been widely explored in clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of IFNα therapy in malignant melanoma. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing regimens with or without IFNα adjuvant therapy in melanoma patients. We assessed the effect of IFNα therapy on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), melanoma recurrences, and toxicity. The quality of each trial was systematically evaluated. RESULTS: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IFNα therapy in melanoma patients were identified. Eight were published and one was unpublished. Eight trials comprising 3,178 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Quality assessment scores ranged from 22 to 71, with a mean score of 55.4 (95% confidence interval, 53.8 to 57.0). For OS, only one trial reported a statistically significant benefit for IFNα, but our analysis did not confirm it. Two trials reported statistically significant benefit in DFS for the patients treated with IFNα, but our analysis confirmed it in only one trial. There was a wide clinical heterogeneity between included trials, making meta-analysis inappropriate. CONCLUSION: In our review, results from included RCTs demonstrated no clear benefit of IFNα therapy on OS in melanoma patients. A large RCT is required to answer whether a full regimen of IFNα therapy is effective and to identify the subgroups of patients who might benefit from IFNα treatment.