The influence of weed-cover on the mortality imposed on artificial prey by predatory ground beetles in cereal fields

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Abstract
Pitfall trapping was carried out in a field of winter wheat in the Vale of York to determine the levels of abundance of adult carabid and staphylinid beetles, (which formed the bulk of the natural predator complex) in the field. A point quadrat survey was carried out at the same time to assess the vegetation cover round each trap. Predation pressure by the beetles in the field was monitored using fruit fly (Drosophila) pupae as artificial prey. These artificial prey were attached to small cards inserted in the field adjacent to the pitfall traps. The numbers of beetles caught were found to be directly related to the frequency and density of Poa annua L. (annual meadow grass) the only abundant non-crop plant present at the time. More beetles were caught in areas where Poa was abundant than where Poa was scarce. This was probably related to the more suitable environmental factors offered by these of the wheat itself was found to be unrelated to captures. The number of fruit fly pupae taken was shown to be related to the numbers of carabid and staphylinid beetles present, and also to the type of vegetation occuring around each card. The implication of these results for the effects of predation on potential pest-outbreaks in the crop are discussed.