Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as a New Technique for Detection of Adulteration in Honeys. 1. Study of Adulteration Effect on Honey Thermal Behavior

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Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the thermal behavior of authentic honeys (Lavandula, Robinia, and Fir honeys) and industrial sugar syrups. Thermal or thermochemical parameters such as the glass transition temperature (Tg), enthalpies of fusion (ΔHfus), and heat capacity variation (ΔCp) were measured. The syrups and honeys showed significant differences in thermal phenomena, as well as in their amplitude and position on the temperature scale. Results showed good reproducibility of the method for all samples studied. The effect of adulteration of honey with different amounts of syrup (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60%) was investigated. A linear relationship was found between the percentage of added syrup and the glass transition temperature. A similar relationship was obtained from the enthalpy of fusion results in the temperature range of 40−90 °C. Under applied conditions, the effects of adulteration of honeys by industrial syrups appeared to be detectable from a level as low as 5%. Keywords: Honey; adulteration; DSC; heat of melting; glass transition; thermal behavior