Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of the valence bands of solid NH3, H2O, CO2, SO2and N2O4

Abstract
A photoelectron study is presented for the outermost bands of the molecular solid phase of: NH3, H2O, CO2, SO2 and N2O4. Both gaseous and solid phase spectra were acquired with 40.81 eV ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) techniques (except for gaseous N2O4). For the solids, charging effects were measured systematically and appropriate corrections made. Some valence band shifts were observed, as well as significant changes in valence band widths, between the gas and solid phase spectra, but the shifts were in general much less than those measured by previous workers. These results are interpreted in terms of molecular solid bonding and relaxation effects.

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