Theory of Vibration-Induced Density Relaxation of Granular Material

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  • 27 July 1997
Abstract
We propose a simple theory which describes the settling of loosely packed, cohesionless granular material under mechanical vibrations. Using thermal analogies and basing the theory on an entropic concept, formulae are derived for how the density of a powder depends on its history. Comprehensive data from the Chicago group show how an initially deposited powder changes its density under carefully controlled packing to reach a terminal density at a terminal tapping rate. A reduction in the tapping rate moves the system to a higher density, but whereas the first measurements follow an irreversible curve, the second measurements have established a reversible curve. These two regimes of behaviour are analyzed theoretically and a qualitative understanding of them is offered.

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