Mechanics of Supplementation in the Columbia River

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Abstract
Hatcheries are increasingly used to supplement at-risk salmonids in the Columbia River. Under the supplementation concept, hatcheries are generally required to collect locally adapted populations for broodstock on small-order tributaries and to release their progenies to these same streams. Many are failing for reasons not fully known but partly because of functional problems with the facilities used to trap and release fish. Advancements in technology may improve these structures, but more-adaptable approaches to their operation may better enhance the effectiveness of supplementation programs. Two means to accomplish this are (1) to diversify broodstock collection and smolt release strategies that respond to changing environmental conditions and population demographics, and (2) to coordinate the individual supplementation facilities with local watershed restoration initiatives. Hatcheries could become particularly compatible with one focus of watershed management—that which helps diversify salmo...

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