Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana1

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Abstract
Seventeen species of parasites of Rhyacionia buoliana were collected in red pine plantations at Natrium, West Virginia and Oakland, Maryland. The following 8 species were not previously listed in the literature as parasites of R. buoliana: Monodontomerus minor, Eupelmus cyaniceps, Meteorus sp., Apanteles epinotiae, Sympiesis guttatipennis, Perilampus fulvicornis, Perilampus canadensis, and Bradysia sp. The 5 most commonly occurring parasites were Hyssopus thymus, Orgilus obscurator, Exeristes comstockii, Itoplectis conquisitor, and Rurytoma pini. Parasitism in spring and fall collections was 4.6 and 3.3% at Oakland and 9.8 and 4.0% at Natrium. O. obscurator, which did not occur at Oakland, accounted for 4.8% of the parasitism in the spring collections at Natrium. Collections of shoot moths from opengrown pines were more heavily parasitized than shoot moths taken within or on the fringes of the plantations.

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