Wind-activated thoracic interneurons of the cockroach: II. Patterns of connection from ventral giant interneurons

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Abstract
A number of thoracic interneurons (TIs) have been found to receive inputs from ventral giant interneurons (vGIs). Each of these cells responds to wind with short latency depolarizations. The previous paper described response properties of several TIs to wind stimuli, including those excited by vGIs. The data showed a correlation between the shape of the TI's wind fields and its morphology. The presence of ventral branches located near the midline of the ganglion predicts a strong response to wind on that side. These ventral median (VM) branches are in the proper location to permit overlap with processes from vGIs. Here we describe the patterns of connections between individual vGIs and 13 of the thoracic interneurons located in the meso- and metathoracic ganglia. A correlation was found between the presence of VM branches and excitation by vGIs. TIs were only excited by vGIs on the side(s) on which VM branches exist. However, presence of a VM branch does not imply that all vGIs on that side make connections with the TI. Summation was found between various vGIs that excited each individual thoracic interneuron. In unilateral thoracic interneurons, no sign of inhibition was found from vGIs on the sides opposite that which contained excitatory vGI axons. Neither was there any evidence of inhibition from dorsal giant interneurons. In addition preliminary evidence indicated that left-right homologues do not inhibit one another. Thus, the data suggest that directional wind fields are primarily the result of selective connection from specific vGIs.