Effect of Oxygen on Heme and Porphyrin Accumulation from δ-Aminolevulinic Acid by Suspensions of Anaerobically Grown Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Abstract
The effect of various conditions on the accumulation of porphyrins and heme by resting suspensions of anaerobically grown cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis was examined. Anaerobically grown cells contain 10 to 15% of the amount of protoheme found in cells grown aerobically. Resting suspensions of anaerobically grown cells, when incubated aerobically in buffer with δ-aminolevulinic acid and glucose for 60 min, exhibited a fourfold increase in protoheme content. At high levels of δ-aminolevulinic acid, there was also a significant accumulation of porphyrins with the solubility and chromatographic properties of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin. Protoporphyrin was not accumulated. When oxygen was excluded from the incubation mixture, accumulation of protoheme was prevented, but accumulation of coproporphyrin and total porphyrin was enhanced. Nitrate served as an electon acceptor as indicated by its reduction to nitrite; however, nitrate did not substitute for oxygen in causing the accumulation of protoheme. These results suggested that oxygen is required for one of the late steps of heme synthesis in S. epidermidis , possibly for the conversion of coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin. The inability of nitrate to substitute for oxygen suggests a role for molecular oxygen as a substrate rather than as an electron acceptor for heme synthesis.