Abstract
So recently as 1811, when Mr. James Parkinson published his work on the ‘Organic Remains of a Former World’ petrifactions of animal and plant-structures were called “adventitious” or “extraneous,” whilst all mineral materials, whatever their character or the composition of the beds in which they occurred, would have been considered as properly belonging to such beds and in their natural positions. A true perception of the origin of the sedimentary strata of the earth's crust has produced a complete change in such views; the remains of animals, such as Mollusca, are inseparably connected with the deposits formed beneath the areas of water in which they lived.

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