Prevention of experimental liver metastases by D-galactose

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Abstract
The metastasis of malignant tumors from a primary site to near and distant secondary sites is probably the most important event in the pathogenesis of cancer and it accounts for most cancer deaths1. Whereas advances in the treatment of primary cancer have led to increased patient survival, metastatic cancers are still the most difficult group of diseases to treat successfully2. As organ-characteristic lectins play an important role in the organ manifestation of metastatic islets3,4, it might be possible (e.g. during surgical operations on malignant tumors) to block those organ-characteristic lectins with the appropriate receptor-bearing glycoconjugates in order to inhibit the metastatic spread. Recent experiments have demonstrated that neuraminidase treatment of tumor cells (mouse sarcoma-1) alters in vivo (Balb/c-mice) the organotropic distribution of metastases; instead of being found exclusively in the lung, they are found both in lung and liver. However, pre-injection and regular application of D-galactose — the same holds for arabinogalactan5,6,13 — prevents the settling of metastases in the liver but does not influence the metastatic process to the lung, whereas mannan — as a galactose-free control substance — does not alter the initial pattern of metastasis to lung and liver.