Effect of Physical and Geometric Factors on the Impedance of Electrochemical Power Sources

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Abstract
Short‐time transient behavior in the charge/discharge of electrochemical power sources varies in a complex way as small systems are scaled up in size. Calculations are presented which show that a number of commonly neglected physical and geometric factors, such as the skin effect and the distributed network impedance characteristics of the individual cells and cell assemblies, can severely limit performance. The impedance of individual cells has been calculated over a wide range of frequencies (102–108 Hz) using a modified semi‐infinite strip‐line model. The variables considered include the electrode and electrolyte conductivities, the electrolyte dielectric constant, the double‐layer capacitance, and the distributed inductance and capacitance resulting from the cell geometry.

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