Abstract
An eight-stage 32-GHz reflected-wave ruby maser is described. The maser operates in a 3-W closed-cycle refrigerator (CCR) at 4.5 K and is capable of a 21-dB net gain with an instantaneous bandwidth of 400 MHz. The input noise temperature referred to the room-temperature flange is approximately 21 K. Although this maser is tunable from approximately 29 to 34 GHz, because of the large pump power requirements it is operated with fixed tuned IMPATT oscillators, effectively making this a fixed-frequency amplifier.

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