Proline: A Novel Cryoprotectant for the Freeze Preservation of Cultured Cells of Zea mays L

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Abstract
Proline is an effective cryoprotectant for the storage of cultured cells of Z. mays L. in liquid N2. Increased freeze tolerance can be achieved by pregrowth for 3-4 days in medium containing proline. Cells cryoprotected with proline have an increased recovery potential when compared with cells cryoprotected with dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol. They also show a reduced postthaw viability loss and greater tolerance of a range of postthaw culture conditions. The mechanism of action of proline may be similar to that in its putative role of conferring protection against natural stresses. It may be protecting the cell against solution effects caused by dehydration during freezing. These findings are discussed in relation to other freeze tolerance enhancing treatments.